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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Vincent, <br>
      <br>
      I'm sorry that our trials resulted in the opposite expectation.
      Most of the company protocols ask me to apply their products at
      100 gal/A. I guess they were hoping to increase the chance of
      showing product injury at my field days. I thought it was a more
      universal tree row volume for apples, my mistake. The field crews
      at Geneva and Ithaca sprays everything at 100 gal/A. I guess it's
      an underhanded attempt to potentially injure our plots with
      copper. With all my dilute handgun applications, I'm surprised
      that I don't have potatoes. I guess I keep getting lucky. <br>
      <br>
      Best, <br>
      Kerik<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:52649C45-52A9-40D7-8CCA-817DA15F189B@irda.qc.ca"
      type="cite">
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      Hi Kerik, 
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">I don’t know how much experience you actually have
        with airblast sprayer trials varying volume, but this is
        something we do routinely.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Evidence of copper injury with high volume sprays
        dates back (at least) to 1972. Look it up. Classic experiments
        demonstrate the same amount of copper can defoliate plants or
        result in no injury, just by varying volume.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Let’s say I have a hard time “swallowing” your
        aspirin  analogy…! Let’s stick to apples, OK?</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">The fact that labels require you to apply large
        volumes of water doesn’t make it a sound or sensible advice.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Most likely, the labels reflect the trial
        conditions. And most trials in the USA are run with high
        volume….!</div>
      <div class=""> </div>
      <div class="">Vincent</div>
      <div class="">
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
          <div>
            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
              <div class="">Le 1 mai 2017 à 08:31, Kerik D. Cox <<a
                  moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:kdc33@cornell.edu"
                  class="">kdc33@cornell.edu</a>> a écrit :</div>
              <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
              <div class="">
                <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class="">
                  <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Vincent, <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    We've found that concentration is potentially more
                    damaging with copper than higher volumes as the both
                    50gal and 100gal get the same amount of copper. It's
                    like taking powdered aspirin with half the
                    recommended amount of water. Also, many labels in
                    the US actually require that certain products be
                    applied in a minimum of 100 gal/A. If were
                    potentially injurious to apply at 100 gal/A, I
                    assure you that no company would include any such
                    statements on label. Actually, they would, without a
                    doubt, put statements saying that the product should
                    not be applied at 100 gal/A or injury would occur.
                    Excess water seems to just roll off the trees in
                    our  experiments.
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Best,<br class="">
                    Kerik<br class="">
                  </div>
                  <blockquote
                    cite="mid:6D2E166C-0E40-4425-B7E3-0160F780579E@irda.qc.ca"
                    type="cite" class="">
                    <div class="">I hope you meant a Low volume of
                      water. High volume = slow drying = russeting. This
                      is very easy to demonstrate. We do it as a
                      "control" in plots. We always have copper induced
                      russeting at 500 L/ha and none at 225 L/ha. <br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Vincent Philion, agr., M.Sc.</div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                      Le 1 mai 2017 à 08:05, Two Onion Farm <<a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:farmer@twoonionfarm.com" class="">farmer@twoonionfarm.com</a>>
                      a écrit :<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                    </div>
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                      <div class="">
                        <p class="">Kerik Cox at Cornell has done trials
                          with this combination for cedar apple rust,
                          summer fungal diseases, and fireblight and has
                          had good results. 
                          <br class="">
                        </p>
                        <p class="">We started using the combination in
                          our organic orchard last year and did not see
                          any problems with fruit russeting.  Kerik did
                          caution me to use a high volume of water to
                          avoid toxicity from the copper (100 gallons
                          per acre vs our normal 50 in our high density
                          orchard).   We have used 2 qts/acre Cueva + 2
                          lbs/acre 2ble nickel. 
                          <br class="">
                        </p>
                        <p class="">Kerik also suggested that the 2ble
                          nickel might be unnecessary and that cueva
                          alone might be sufficient, but that may be
                          theoretical at this point.  The 2ble nickel
                          does add a lot of cost.<br class="">
                        </p>
                        <p class="">Chris</p>
                        <p class="">Chris & Juli McGuire <br
                            class="">
                          Two Onion Farm <br class="">
                          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://www.twoonionfarm.com/" class="">www.twoonionfarm.com</a><span
                            class="MsoHyperlink"></span>
                          <br class="">
                          19638 Cottage Inn Road <br class="">
                          Belmont, WI 53510 <br class="">
                          (608) 762-5335 <br class="">
                          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:farmer@twoonionfarm.com"
                            class="">farmer@twoonionfarm.com</a></p>
                        <br class="">
                        <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/1/2017 6:43
                          AM, maurice tougas wrote:<br class="">
                        </div>
                        <blockquote
cite="mid:CANaNiPTDCmFD6_k_XsBOM4N=5wiQt8zBypENFnpVOERq_D3J5w@mail.gmail.com"
                          type="cite" class="">
                          <div dir="ltr" class="">A couple years ago I
                            recall discussion regarding the use of
                            Cueva/Double Nickel combination as an
                            alternative and/or rotation with strep for
                            fireblight management. Is anyone aware of
                            further research regarding this combination
                            esp as to regards to crop safety and
                            efficacy ?
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Mo Tougas<br class=""
                                clear="all">
                              <div class=""><br class="">
                              </div>
                              -- <br class="">
                              <div class="gmail_signature"
                                data-smartmail="gmail_signature">Maurice
                                Tougas<br class="">
                                Tougas Family Farm<br class="">
                                Northborough,MA 01532<br class="">
                                508-450-0844</div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <br class="">
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                          <br class="">
                          <pre class="" wrap="">_______________________________________________
apple-crop mailing list
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</pre>
                        </blockquote>
                        <br class="">
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                      <div class=""><span class="">_______________________________________________</span><br
                          class="">
                        <span class="">apple-crop mailing list</span><br
                          class="">
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                            href="mailto:apple-crop@virtualorchard.com"
                            class="">apple-crop@virtualorchard.com</a></span><br
                          class="">
                        <span class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop"
                            class="">http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop</a></span><br
                          class="">
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                    <br class="">
                    <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
                    <br class="">
                    <pre class="" wrap="">_______________________________________________
apple-crop mailing list
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:apple-crop@virtualorchard.com">apple-crop@virtualorchard.com</a>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop">http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop</a>
</pre>
                  </blockquote>
                  <br class="">
                  <p class=""><br class="">
                  </p>
                  <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Kerik D.  Cox, Ph.D., Associate Professor 
Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section
School of Integrative Plant Science
Cornell University 
221 Barton Lab
NYSAES
630 West North Street           
Geneva, NY 14456 USA    

E-mail: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:kdc33@cornell.edu">kdc33@cornell.edu</a> 
Faculty Office: (315) 787-2401
Fruit Pathology Lab: (315) 787-2402     
FAX: (315) 787-2389
</pre>
                </div>
                _______________________________________________<br
                  class="">
                apple-crop mailing list<br class="">
                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="mailto:apple-crop@virtualorchard.com" class="">apple-crop@virtualorchard.com</a><br
                  class="">
                <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop">http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop</a><br
                  class="">
              </div>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br class="">
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
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      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
apple-crop mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:apple-crop@virtualorchard.com">apple-crop@virtualorchard.com</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop">http://virtualorchard.com/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Kerik D.  Cox, Ph.D., Associate Professor 
Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section
School of Integrative Plant Science
Cornell University 
221 Barton Lab
NYSAES
630 West North Street           
Geneva, NY 14456 USA    

E-mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:kdc33@cornell.edu">kdc33@cornell.edu</a> 
Faculty Office: (315) 787-2401
Fruit Pathology Lab: (315) 787-2402     
FAX: (315) 787-2389
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