[Nc140] 2015 Organic Apple Trial

Thu Oct 27 16:53:39 EDT 2016

Hello Everybody,
I am trying to figure out who is involved in the apple trials too. I am 
also looking for a potential coordinator and participates of the a new 
apple rootstocks trial 2018. We can discuss these subjects during the 
meeting. Actually I received a request of interest from Susanne Blatt. I 
would like to know if other State are interested.
I am also asking Gennaro if he can provide a list of new rootstocks from 
his program to be included in the new trial. It will be nice if you can 
present informally to the apple group some of the new genotypes you are 
testing.   I knew you are testing new genotypes also in Washington and I 
would like to know if you have in mind 3-4 genotypes interesting that 
can be included in the 2018 trial.
During the meeting I also would like to have a discussion about the 
future trials design and management.
Following the report of 2015  I build up this table please fill it with 
your name and if the trial have two cultivars specify which you have 
under evaluation.
It will take only few minute to do, but it can provide a general picture 
of the existing situation and the name of the person involved as 
referent. If your State is not listed in the table please add a column.
Kind regards,
Stefano

Here the apple section of the 2015 report.

A paper was submitted to the Journal of the American Pomological Society 
with the title “Time Required for Classifying Rootstock Vigor in 
Multi-location Rootstock Trials”. This paper will likely appear in the 
January issue of the JAPS. Data from the 1994 and 2003 apple rootstock 
trials were used to determine the time required to classify rootstock 
vigor. Very vigorous rootstocks, such as PiAu 56-83 and very low vigor 
rootstocks, such as M.27, were statistically different than standard 
rootstocks (M.26 and M.9 size class) by the fourth year after planting. 
Six or seven years were required to separate M.26 and M.9 NAKBT337, but 
rootstocks in the same size class (M.9 NAKBT337, G.935 and G.16) were 
not significantly different after 10 years. In future NC-140 apple 
rootstock trials, we should be able to accurately classify rootstock 
vigor after six or seven years at most locations.

The 2010 NC-140 Apple Rootstock Trial includes 10 Budagovsky, 16 Geneva, 
3 Pillnitz, and 3 Malling (controls) rootstocks.  Fourteen locations use 
Honeycrisp as the scion cultivar, and 7 locations use Aztec Fuji.  All 
trees were supported to approximately 3.5 m and grown as Tall Spindles.  
At the end of 5 growing seasons and across all locations, the largest 
Honeycrisp trees are on B.70-20-20.  This rootstock results in a tree 
much too vigorous for high-density planting.  The smallest trees are on 
B.71-7-11.  This rootstock results in a Honeycrisp tree which is too 
weak for commercial use. Yield efficiency did not vary greatly among 
rootstocks, except that the most vigorous (e.g., B.70-20-20) are very 
inefficient.  Fruit size has been good for all Honeycrisp trees in this 
trial, except for those from trees on PiAu 9-90.  In the Fuji trial, 
some trees were lost in the first season due to damage in the nursery, 
but since that time, trees have grown very well.  At the end of 5 
growing seasons, largest Fuji trees were on B.70-20-20 and the smallest 
were on B.71-7-22.  As with Honeycrisp, both rootstocks would be 
consider unacceptable.  Generally, yield efficiency was negatively 
related to tree size.  Fruit size was relatively consistent, except 
fruit from trees on B.7-20-21 were much smaller than those from all 
others. Trees on PiAu 9-90 continue to have severe chlorosis in BC, a 
sickly appearance, and often small fruit size.

The 2014 Apple rootstock planting was established in 15 locations in the 
United States (AL, ID, IN, MA, ME, MI, MN, GA, NJ, NY, PA, UT, VA, WA, 
WI), two in Canada, and one in Mexico (http://bit.ly/1zv3wCc). The trial 
consists of the following rootstocks: B.10, G.11, G.202, G.214, G.30, 
G.41, G.5890, G.935, G.969, M.26 EMLA, M.9 T337, V.1, V.5, V.6, V.7. The 
trial is being coordinated by John Cline who has also agreed to analyze 
the data. This trial has two cultivars: Aztec Fuji (AL, ID, GA, NJ, ON, 
PA, UT) and Honeycrisp (ID, IN, MA, ME, Mexico, MI, MN, NJ, NY, Ontario, 
PA, VA, WA, WI), planted to a ‘tall spindle’ systems at a 5 x 12 feet, 
and 4 x12 feet spacing, respectively. Trees are planted using a 
randomized block design with single trees serving as experimental units. 
Each site selected a pollinizer variety since some sites are very 
limited in adapted varieties. Trees were established in the spring of 
2014. The trees were propagated by Willow Drive Nursery, WA. Data 
protocols have been established for 2014 and 2015. In 2014, the 
following data were recorded: 1) initial trunk diameter measured at 
planting 30cm above graft union; 2) number of side branches >10 cm at 
planting; 3) trunk circumference in the fall of 2014; 4) height of the 
graft union above soil; 5) tree status at the end of the 2014 growing 
season.

For the 2015 Organic Apple Rootstock Trial, trees have been dug at 
Wafler Nursery. The trial will be planted at 14 locations and will 
evaluate 9 Geneva rootstocks and 1 Malling rootstock.  Modi is the 
cultivar and Liberty will be the pollenizer.  The design is five blocks 
in two-tree sets and will require 1/10 acre.   Organic certification is 
optional, but orchard management must be organic. Land does not have to 
be organically certified prior to planting.

On 10/27/2016 12:40 PM, Fallahi, Esmaeil (efallahi at uidaho.edu) wrote:
> Hi Wes. We (Idaho) are in that project and will send the report soon. 
> Essie
>
> Sent from my iPhone
>
> On Oct 27, 2016, at 1:08 PM, Wesley R. Autio <autio at umass.edu 
> <mailto:autio at umass.edu>> wrote:
>
>> I need to know who is participating in the 2015 Organic Modi Apple 
>> Trial.  In 2015, I received data from IA, MA, MI, NJ, NM, NY-Ithaca, 
>> NY-Geneva, Vermont, and WI.  My initial list suggested that 
>> California, Chihuahua, Colorado, Idaho and Nova Scotia were also 
>> involved, but I have not seen any data.  For the latter, please 
>> confirm whether or not you are part of this project.  If I don't hear 
>> from you, I will assume that you are not.
>>
>>
>> -- 
>> ________________________________________________________________________
>> Wesley R. Autio
>> Professor & Director, Stockbridge School of Agriculture
>> 205 Paige Laboratory
>> 161 Holdsworth Way
>> University of Massachusetts Amherst
>> Amherst, MA 01003-9286
>>
>> tel 413-545-2963   fax 413-577-0242   cell 413-348-8557
>>
>> http://stockbridge.cns.umass.edu
>> _______________________________________________
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-- 
Stefano Musacchi
Endowed Chair
Associate Professor
Tree Fruit Physiology and Management
Department of Horticulture

Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center
1100 N. Western Avenue
Wenatchee WA 98801-1230
Phone 509-663-8181 ext 236
Fax 509-662-8714
email: stefano.musacchi at wsu.edu
www.musacchi-orchardmanagement.com

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