n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

1960

1965

1970

19751980
Year

1985

1990

1996

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980
Year

1985

1990

1993

1996

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

Figure 1.

Changes in appleconsumption in Japan.

Figure 2.

Changes in apple orchard areain Japan.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2

3

4

6

9

14

48

14

Fig. 3. Apple production by cultivars in Japan in 1997 (total

production 1,048,000 tons).

nl
u

nlsu

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75100 125 150175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375
Height (cm)

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0 cm from trunk

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100125 150175200225250275300325
Height (cm)

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n

0 cm from trunk

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50 cm from trunk

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100 cm from trunk

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150 cm from trunk

Figure 4.Relative light
intensity(RLI) atfour
positions in canopyof
10-year-old Fuji trees
plantedat 1.5 x 4 m for
moderatelyvigorous
(top) and vigorous
crowded trees (bottom).